Fasting in Ramadan is a duty for most adult Muslims. But some people cannot fast because of old age or long-term illness. Islam does not place a burden on anyone that they cannot carry. Instead, there is a way to fulfil the duty by feeding someone in need. This is called Fidya. This guide explains Fidya for elderly and chronically ill Muslims: who qualifies, who must make up fasts instead, and how the payment works.
What Is Fidya?
Fidya is a payment made to feed a person in need for each fast you cannot keep. The Quran mentions this in Surah al-Baqarah (2:184), for those who are unable to fast. It is a form of compensation, not a punishment.
Fidya is different from Kaffarah. Kaffarah applies when someone deliberately breaks a fast without a valid reason. Fidya is for people who truly cannot fast and cannot make up the days later.
Who Is Eligible for Fidya?
People often ask who is eligible for Fidya. In general, scholars say it applies to the following groups.
Elderly people who cannot fast
If someone is so old or frail that fasting causes real hardship, and there is no hope that they will be able to make up the fasts later, Fidya is usually the way to fulfil the duty.
People with long-term or permanent illness
Fidya for sick person cases depends on the type of illness. If a person has a long-term condition, and doctors do not expect them to recover enough to fast, scholars usually say Fidya applies. Always speak to your doctor about whether it is safe to fast, and never stop medication or ignore medical advice.
When Fidya may not apply
Some people are excused from fasting for a short time, and they make up the missed days later instead of paying Fidya. This usually includes:
- people with a temporary illness who are expected to recover
- travellers
- women who are menstruating or have postnatal bleeding
Scholars have different views on pregnant and breastfeeding women, so they should ask a qualified scholar about their own situation. Children are not required to fast before reaching puberty.
Who Has to Pay Fidya?
People also ask who has to pay Fidya. It is the responsibility of the person who cannot fast, and it is paid from their own means. If they cannot afford it, they should speak to a scholar, as some scholars say the duty is lifted until they can pay. Many scholars also allow a family member to pay on someone’s behalf, with that person’s permission.
Fidya for Elderly Family Members: How Children Can Help
Many adult children want to care for their parents or grandparents in every way they can. Paying Fidya for elderly parents is one way to do this, as long as the parent agrees. It can also help to:
- keep a simple list of how many days need to be covered
- talk to a scholar together if there are any questions
- make the payment early in Ramadan, so that nothing is forgotten
This is a good chance to show respect and love, while helping someone else in need at the same time.
How Much Is Fidya Per Fast?
Fidya per fast is the cost of feeding one person in need. The exact amount changes with food prices and with scholarly opinion, so charities publish a set figure each year. Check the amount on the appeal page, then multiply it by the number of days you need to cover. For example, if you need to cover 30 days, you multiply the amount by 30.
When and How to Pay Fidya
Fidya can be paid during Ramadan, and many people choose to pay early. Some scholars also allow it to be paid after Ramadan. If you are unsure about the timing, ask a scholar.
Paying through a trusted charity is simple. You choose the number of days, make the payment online, and the charity uses it to provide food to people in need. Keep a note of the days you have covered, so that you know exactly what has been paid. If you would like to give more than Fidya, you can also support families through Ramadan food support.
What If You Recover?
If someone’s health improves and they become able to fast, many scholars say they should make up the missed fasts. Speak to a scholar about your own case, as every situation is different
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Assuming Fidya applies to every illness. Short-term illness usually means making up the fasts.
- Paying Fidya when you are able to make up the fasts.
- Forgetting to count the number of missed days.
- Leaving it until the last minute.
- Not asking a scholar when you are unsure.
Questions About Fidya?
Working out Fidya can feel confusing, especially when someone you love is unwell. Children of Adam is a UK Islamic charity with a Fidya and Kaffarah appeal. If you have a question about how to pay, or how your donation is used, get in touch with the team, and speak to a qualified scholar about your own circumstances.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Fidya the same as Kaffarah?
No. Fidya is for people who cannot fast and cannot make up the days. Kaffarah is for people who deliberately break a fast without a valid reason.
Can I pay Fidya online?
Yes. Many charities allow you to pay Fidya online. Choose the number of days, check the amount, and keep your confirmation.
Can I pay Fidya for the whole month at once?
Many people do, but scholars can have different views on timing and how it is given. Ask a scholar if you are unsure.
What if I cannot afford Fidya?
Speak to a qualified scholar. Some scholars say the duty is lifted until you are able to pay, and others may suggest a different approach.
Does Fidya apply to children?
No. Children are not required to fast before reaching puberty, so Fidya does not apply to them.
